Welcome to your personal class wiki page. Only you should edit this wiki and no other page unless designated by Mr. Miller. It is very important that you follow this protocol. If you edit another student's page it will show in the history of that page and you will be penalized or reprimanded appropriately. This should be a fun activity and will be part of your grade. If you have any questions feel free to email Mr. Miller at any time.
Parts of the Earth assignment
Nickel and Iron
Crust
Inner and Outer crust
Plate tectonics
Lithosphere which is formed from the rocky outer part of the the upper mantle and the crust.
Divergent Boundary
Boundary between the Pacific plates and the Australian plate and crossing New Zealand.
Regions where portions of the earth's tectonic plates are diving beneath other plates, into the earth's interior and deep oceanic trenches, lines of volcanoes parallel to the trenches, and zones of large earthquakes that extendfrom the trenches landward.
The oceanic crust because it is thin and hot at the mid-ocean ridges where plates are pulling apart from each other.
A rift is form When two continental plates diverge. This rift is a dropped zone where the plates are pulling apart. As the crust widens and thins, valleys form in and around the area, as do volcanoes, which may become increasingly active.
What's in a Mineral?
1.Occur naturally. Be inorganic. Be a solid. Have an orderly internal structure with a definite pattern. Have a definite chemical composition.
2. Hardness Crystal structure Optical properties
3. Cu(Co,Ni)2S4 Carrollite made of Copper, Cobalt and Nickel. CaCO3 Calcite made of Calcium, Carbon Oxide. (Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Clinochlore is made of Manganese, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen and Hydrogen.
Life Cycle of Copper/BS4
1.- amount of useful are at the site. - percent of metal in the ore. - type of mining and processing needed to extract the metal from its ore. - distance of the mine from metal refining facility and market. - metal's supply-verse-demand status.
2. Copper ores: - sulfides such as chalcocite, Cu2S - oxides such as cuprite, Cu2O - carbonates such as malachite, Cu2Co3(OH)2 Reduction -with copper metal(molten) then, molding casting, etc. Uses: - Electrical 60% - Nonelectrical 40% Recycled Copper: -Supplies 21% of U.S. copper needs. Finally: -Shattered throughout county: much remains in fairly permanent use, some discarded.
Building Skills
Electrical: 60% of total use; motors, generators, power, distribution, communication, equipment, house wiring. Nonelectrical: 40% of total use; plumbing, roofing, coins, jewelry, pots, and pans, shell, casing, food preparation machinery, auto radiators.
A. the U.S. copper needs about 21% of supplies and it wouldn't change much, because with all the supplies falling short by 100,000lbs globally and the high demand for mined copper is high. B. Yes, because prevailing pieces of copper, nickel and zinc have caused the production costs of pennies and nickels to significantly exceed more.
A. Bronze, brass, etc. in useful alloy formed. Reddish, shiny in color and luster. High in malleability and ductility. And it also a nonelectrical. B. Its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in ductility. C. Its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in thermal conductivity. High in ductility. D. its a electrical. High in electrical conductivity. High in thermal conductivity. High in ductility.
Anna - number three is about finding "technological alternatives".
B.2 Converting Copper
Before
Mass(g)
Crucible
12g
Lid alone
8.20g
Crucible+Lid
20.26g
Copper mass before heating
1.03g
Crucible+Copper
13.07g
Crucible+lid+Copper
21.28g
After
Mass(g)
Crucible+Copper+Lid
21.23g
Crucible+Copper
13.03g
Copper mass after heating
.98g
Questions 1.a) Physical.(-2) - this was a chemical change b) the color of the copper was dark silver and some was reddish. the odor was strong. 2.a)The color change to a dark silver and the odor was strong. the copper size got small. b)No, because as it was heating, some of the copper atoms got in the air and when you put it on the balance, the mass drop .05g because we started off at 1.03g and end it with .98g. 3. a) The mass of the crucible went up .05g. because we started off with a gram of 12 and after the heating we have a gram of 12.05. b) I think the mass change, because of the heat from the burner. How, like some object you burn, the mass can stay the same because the heat isn't affecting it, so much but some object can change when you're burn because the heat is affecting it and making the object's mass, high than what it was or lower than what it was. But the result of our lab should of increase, but it decrease. I'm not should how, but i think it may cause by when i took the crucible off the burner and on to the balance and may cause it or by the crystal structure has close packed planes and so that phase is more dense and it cause a decrease. (Mass should not have decreased unless it fell out of the crucible.)
B.3 Metal Reactivity
Questions
Describe what happens to the penny when it is placed in the sliver nitrate solution.
Describe how ions in solution play a role in chemical reactivity
Explain, in detail, why this is happening,
Define Oxidation.
Define Reduction.
Explain what happens to the copper atoms during the redox reaction.
Explain what happens to the silver ions during the redox reaction.
What ultimately controls chemical reactivity?
Answers
The reflective coin surface immediately turns dark. with time, shiny crystals form on the surface and the solution turns a light blue. underneath the crystals the rough coin surface shows that some copper metal has dissolved.
ions are tend to leave or gain from another part of the surface.
at the surface silver ions gain one electron each to become silver atoms. since they are now neutral, they stay on the surface. ifs there is now less electron cloud into metal structure, one copper(II) ion pulled out by some water molecules. One copper(II) ion leaves for every two silver atoms that form on the surface. the silver atoms tend to build up on parts of the copper surface, and the copper(II) ion tend to leave from another part of the surface.
reduction is ion gaining one electron from one of the atoms.
oxidation is atom leaving two electrons in metal structure, forming a ion.
reaction copper metal transferred electrons to silver ions producing silver atoms and copper ions for every two electrons last by a copper atom, two silver atom, two silver ions gain one electron each. Redox: Cu+2Ag+ = Cu(2+) + 2Ag
silver ions, Ag+, can pull electrons away from copper atoms, Cu. From this you can deduce that Cu(2+) ions cannot pull electrons away from silver atoms.
transfer of electrons.
B.4 Relative Reactivities Of Metals
Copper
Zinc
Magnesium
Copper(II)nitrate
Nothing(NR)
Clean it and got dry.
Nothing(NR)
Got dry and a little bit wet.
Nothing(NR)
Got dry and made it lighter, gray and a bit wet, but
its black/white stuff is surrounding the magnesium.
Magnesium nitrate
Nothing(NR)
Nothing(NR)
Nothing(NR)
Just made it lighter, gray.
Zinc nitrate
Nothing(NR)
turned lighter
Nothing(NR)
turned dark black
turn yellow
Silver nitrate
Something is coming out
of the solution.
very black.
Something is coming out and
surrounding the zinc.
turn black and the liquid brownish and something is
coming out of the solution and its surrounding the magnesium.
Zinc
Copper
None
Zinc, magnesium and copper.
Zinc is more reactive to acids rather than Copper. Zinc can also melt in your pants if heat and energy is being added when being in contact of your pockets.
a. Silver would be a better choice because there wasn't a reaction to any of the solutions. Silver is also in other coins and they cant melted off, if it's being left in your pocket. b. it would create a confusion for the other coins since the American's are use to seeing a orange color penny.
a. Zinc b. Copper
a.Yes b. MgNO3 and ZnNO3 can be the ones that we can get rid of. During the experiment, there was almost one to no reaction to any of the metals when it was being tested.
Activity Series of Metals Assignment (Oxidation/Reduction Part I)
Describe what happens to the size of the Magnesium atoms as they change into Magnesium ions. Do the same for Zinc.Describe what happens when Zn2+(aq) reaction with Mg(s).Describe what happens when Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s).
Describe what is happening for each reaction. Identify if the reaction occurred or if there was No Reaction.
Identify what happens during each of the prediction spaces.Answer the question at the bottom of the page.Continue to page 4.
List the elements in order, from top to bottom (most reactive to least reactive), for the Activity Series of Metals.
Answers
Magnesium atoms change into Magnesium ions, the electron cloud shrinks, around them and disappear. When the space inside get small, the atoms gets smaller. Zinc atom change into a Zinc ion,space inside got small, the atoms gets smaller. Zn2+(aq) react with Mg, the ions then it becomes a Zn atom. When Mg2+(aq) reacts with Zn(s), there was no reaction occurred.
Cu2+ and Cu, Cu2+ ions reacted with Magnesium and made Cu atoms.
Cu2+ and Zinc, Cu2+ ions reacted with zinc and made Cu atoms.
Mg2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred.
Zn2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred.
I think they will react, except magnesium and zinc.The reaction with Silver ions and Zinc metal, their reactivity will be stronger than the Copper Zinc reactivity.
1. Magnesium 2. Zinc 3. Copper 4. Silver
ChemQuandry 1
The gold, silver, and copper, are few that appear as native metals. Some of them, have combined with other elements.
They all are largely non-reactive metals that exist in their state, in the nature.
Building Skills
1a.from left to right, they go from most reactive to least reactive.
1b. the far left side.
1c. the far right side.
2a. yes
2b. no
2c. because 2a the Fe and lead(II)nitrate,Pb(NO3)2 are more reactive and it wasnt in the same block in the metal activity series. 2b the Pt are in the same block in the metal activity series.
3a. no.
3b. apply and demand.
Modeling model
1a. Zn: -> Zn(2+) + 2e-
1b. Ag+: -> Ag(1+) + 1e-
2. reduction is gain of one or more electrons
oxidation is loss of one or more electrons
Oxidation: Zn: (zinc metal) -> Zn(2+) (zinc(II) ion) + 2e-
Ag+: (Silver ion/Silver metal) -> Ag(1+) ( Silver ion) + 1e-
Reduction:
Zn <- Zn(2+) + 2e-
(Zinc metal / Copper(II) ion)
Ag: <- Ag(1+) + 1e-
(Silver metal / silver ion)
3a. Cu
3b. Ag+
4. because there are two lost electrons and the Ag+ needed them to replace them.
5a. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances. especially by donating an electron or electrons.
oxidizing agent is removing electrons from the reactant that is oxidized, in this case Ag+ ions.
the reducing agent is copper. 5b. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances. 6. Zn: + Cu2+ ----> Zn2+ + Cu. period is a dot(.) 7a. Zinc 7b. Copper 8. oxidizing agent: Copper reducing agent:Zinc 9. can be able to tell by which one can be came a ion and which one is an atom. yes, you can be able to answer questions 7 & 8. 10. Zn2+ + Mg ----> Zn + Mg2+ oxidized- Zn reduced- Mg oxidizing agent- Mg reducing agent- Zn
Condition
Appearance
Untreated Penny
Shiny and gold
Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2
turned black and dull and silver.
Penny treated with Zn and ZnCl2
and heated in burner flame
Penny turn into a taco.
Thursday, May 5th, 2011
Building Skills 1: Hydrocarbon Boiling Points
1a. figure 5: the Hydrocarbon names are order in alphabetically.
b. Yes, because you should always have an organized and neat work.
2a. Lowest to highest
b.
Hydrocarbon
Boiling Points (Degree C)
Methane
-161.7
Ethane
-88.6
Propane
-42.1
Butane
-0.5
Pentane
36.1
Hexane
68.7
Heptane
98.4
Octane
125.7
Nonane
150.8
Decane
174.0
3. Methane,Ethane,Propane, Butane.
4. Pentane
5. Decane heats faster than Butane and the other substances. Which means decane molecular moves faster than the other hydrocarbon substances.
Welcome to your personal class wiki page. Only you should edit this wiki and no other page unless designated by Mr. Miller. It is very important that you follow this protocol. If you edit another student's page it will show in the history of that page and you will be penalized or reprimanded appropriately. This should be a fun activity and will be part of your grade. If you have any questions feel free to email Mr. Miller at any time.
Parts of the Earth assignment
What's in a Mineral?
1.Occur naturally.Be inorganic.
Be a solid.
Have an orderly internal structure with a definite pattern.
Have a definite chemical composition.
2. Hardness
Crystal structure
Optical properties
3. Cu(Co,Ni)2S4 Carrollite made of Copper, Cobalt and Nickel. CaCO3 Calcite made of Calcium, Carbon Oxide.
(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Clinochlore is made of Manganese, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen and Hydrogen.
Life Cycle of Copper/BS4
1.- amount of useful are at the site.
- percent of metal in the ore.
- type of mining and processing needed to extract the metal from its ore.
- distance of the mine from metal refining facility and market.
- metal's supply-verse-demand status.
2. Copper ores:
- sulfides such as chalcocite, Cu2S
- oxides such as cuprite, Cu2O
- carbonates such as malachite, Cu2Co3(OH)2
Reduction
-with copper metal(molten) then, molding casting, etc.
Uses:
- Electrical 60%
- Nonelectrical 40%
Recycled Copper:
-Supplies 21% of U.S. copper needs.
Finally:
-Shattered throughout county: much remains in fairly permanent use, some discarded.
Building Skills
Anna - number three is about finding "technological alternatives".
B.2 Converting Copper
Before
Mass(g)
After
Mass(g)
1.a) Physical.(-2) - this was a chemical change
b) the color of the copper was dark silver and some was reddish. the odor was strong.
2.a)The color change to a dark silver and the odor was strong. the copper size got small.
b)No, because as it was heating, some of the copper atoms got in the air and when you
put it on the balance, the mass drop .05g because we started off at 1.03g and end it with .98g.
3. a) The mass of the crucible went up .05g. because we started off with a gram of 12 and after the
heating we have a gram of 12.05.
b) I think the mass change, because of the heat from the burner. How, like some object you
burn, the mass can stay the same because the heat isn't affecting it, so much but some object
can change when you're burn because the heat is affecting it and making the object's mass, high than
what it was or lower than what it was. But the result of our lab should of increase, but it decrease. I'm not
should how, but i think it may cause by when i took the crucible off the burner and on to the balance
and may cause it or by the crystal structure has close packed planes and so that phase is more dense and
it cause a decrease. (Mass should not have decreased unless it fell out of the crucible.)
B.3 Metal Reactivity
Questions
Answers
B.4 Relative Reactivities Of Metals
Clean it and got dry.
Got dry and a little bit wet.
Got dry and made it lighter, gray and a bit wet, but
its black/white stuff is surrounding the magnesium.
Just made it lighter, gray.
turned lighter
turned dark black
of the solution.
Something is coming out and
surrounding the zinc.
coming out of the solution and its surrounding the magnesium.
Activity Series of Metals Assignment (Oxidation/Reduction Part I)
Answers
Cu2+ and Zinc, Cu2+ ions reacted with zinc and made Cu atoms.
Mg2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred.
Zn2+ and Cu, there was no reaction occurred.
ChemQuandry 1
The gold, silver, and copper, are few that appear as native metals. Some of them, have combined with other elements.
They all are largely non-reactive metals that exist in their state, in the nature.
Building Skills
1a.from left to right, they go from most reactive to least reactive.
1b. the far left side.
1c. the far right side.
2a. yes
2b. no
2c. because 2a the Fe and lead(II)nitrate,Pb(NO3)2 are more reactive and it wasnt in the same block in the metal activity series. 2b the Pt are in the same block in the metal activity series.
3a. no.
3b. apply and demand.
Modeling model
1a. Zn: -> Zn(2+) + 2e-
1b. Ag+: -> Ag(1+) + 1e-
2. reduction is gain of one or more electrons
oxidation is loss of one or more electrons
Oxidation: Zn: (zinc metal) -> Zn(2+) (zinc(II) ion) + 2e-
Ag+: (Silver ion/Silver metal) -> Ag(1+) ( Silver ion) + 1e-
Reduction:
Zn <- Zn(2+) + 2e-
(Zinc metal / Copper(II) ion)
Ag: <- Ag(1+) + 1e-
(Silver metal / silver ion)
3a. Cu
3b. Ag+
4. because there are two lost electrons and the Ag+ needed them to replace them.
5a. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances. especially by donating an electron or electrons.
oxidizing agent is removing electrons from the reactant that is oxidized, in this case Ag+ ions.
the reducing agent is copper.
5b. reducing agent is a substance that chemically reduces other substances.
6. Zn: + Cu2+ ----> Zn2+ + Cu. period is a dot(.)
7a. Zinc
7b. Copper
8. oxidizing agent: Copper
reducing agent:Zinc
9. can be able to tell by which one can be came a ion and which one is an atom. yes, you can be able to answer questions 7 & 8.
10. Zn2+ + Mg ----> Zn + Mg2+
oxidized- Zn
reduced- Mg
oxidizing agent- Mg
reducing agent- Zn
and heated in burner flame
Thursday, May 5th, 2011
Building Skills 1: Hydrocarbon Boiling Points
1a. figure 5: the Hydrocarbon names are order in alphabetically.
b. Yes, because you should always have an organized and neat work.
2a. Lowest to highest
b.
4. Pentane
5. Decane heats faster than Butane and the other substances. Which means decane molecular moves faster than the other hydrocarbon substances.